Microarray technology is a powerful tool used in molecular biology to study gene expression and genetic variations. It involves placing thousands of DNA or RNA probes on a solid surface, allowing researchers to analyze multiple genes simultaneously. Microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, DNA sequencing, genotyping, comparative genomic hybridization, drug discovery, and agricultural and environmental research. They provide insights into diseases, personalized medicine, genetic disorders, drug development, and various biological processes.