Micro array is one of the Transcriptome technique where it helps to localize the gene expression and its principle is based on hybridization.cDNA based microarray and oligonucleotide microarrays are the two types of microarray.
These are the steps involved in cDNA based microarray which is a common type
- Sample collection
- Isolation of mRNA
- Creation of labeled cDNA
- Hybridization
- Collection and analysis
- DNA microarray is based on principle of hybridization between the nucleic acid strands.
- Complementary nucleic acid sequences have the characteristic to specifically pair to each other by the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs.
- Unknown sample of DNA sequence is termed as sample or target and the known sequence of DNA molecule is called as probe.
- Fluorescent dyes are used for labelling the samples and at least 2 samples are hybridized to the chip.
- Following the washing off of non-specific bonding sequences, only strongly paired strands will stay hybridized.Thus, the fluorescent labeled target sequences that pairs to the probe releases a signal that relies on the strength of the hybridization detected by the number of paired bases, hybridization conditions, and washing after hybridization.
- Drug discovery
- Study of functional genomics
- DNA sequencing
- Gene expression profiling
- Study of proteomics
- Diagnostics and genetic engineering
- Toxicological researches
- Pharmacogenomics are the some of the applications of DNA microarray