Microarray :
- Microarray helps in analyzing large amount of samples which have either been recorded previously or new samples.
- Microarray provides a basis to genotype thousands of different loci at a time, which is useful for association and linkage studies to isolate chromosomal regions related to a particular disease.
- By comparative genomic hybridization techniques on genomic DNA, amplified or deleted regions in the chromosomes can be identified, such as in the case of oral cancer.
- Types of Microarray: DNA microarrays, Protein microarrays, Peptide microarrays, Antibody microarrays, etc.
Applications:
- Microarray may aid in the identification of new genes, as well as in studying their function and expressions in different conditions.
- It includes the determination of the genetic sequence of all types of organisms such as human beings, mice, as well as microbes.
- It also helps in conducting studies in the field of agriculture.
- The microarray is used to compare diseased tissues/cells with healthy tissues/cells to find the characteristics of a particular disease. This helps in finding the genes responsible for that disease.
- The microarray is widely used to know the state of disease, type of tumor and other factors important for the patient.
- It is used to diagnose a number of diseases and infections, most notably cancer.
- DNA microarrays are used to detect mutations in a specific gene’s DNA structure, which can then diagnose diseases and genetic disorders.