Similarities
1).Ribosomes perform protein synthesis.
2).Dna is the genetic material
3).Cellular biochemical responses for photosynthesis, cell respiration and other major metabolic reactions are the same.
Differences:
Prokaryotes
- do not have nucleus and membrane bound organelles are absent.
- the genetic material is organized in a single circular chromosome, which is located in the nucleoid region of the cell.
- have a simple genome organisation.
- have small genome size with a few thousand genes tightly packed on the chromosome.
- genes are arranged as operons, where several genes are transcribed as one mRNA molecule.
Eukaryotes
-have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles are present.
-have a complex genome organisation.
-have a large genome size.
-Within the nucleus, their genetic material is arranged into many linear chromosomes.
-Eukaryotic genes typically do not form operons. Instead, they frequently have introns—non-coding areas scattered throughout the coding sequences.