Similarities:
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share the same fundamental translational mechanism. In both cases, translation takes place on ribosomes, which are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Differences
Prokaryotes
-translation typically occurs in the cytoplasm as prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
-the mRNA is translated as it is being transcribed, allowing for simultaneous transcription and translation.
-mRNAs are polycistronic(encode multiple genes in a single mRNA molecule).
Eukaryotes
-transcription takes place in the nucleus, and the mRNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where translation occurs on ribosomes.
-transcription takes place in the nucleus, and the mRNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where translation occurs on ribosomes.
-mRNAs are usually monocistronic, with each mRNA molecule encoding a single gene.