SIMILARITIES :
1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structures are made up of DNA and in the double-stranded molecule, one of the two strands (sense strand) encodes the information of a gene.
2. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene, the open reading frame of the gene structure runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
3. ATP is the energy source in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4.Ribosomes facilitate RNA translation and the creation of protein , in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
DIFFERENCES:
Prokaryotic:
1. Prokaryotic cells size varies from 1 – 10um.
2. Prokaryotic DNA is circular and is neither associated with histones nor organized into chromosomes.
3. Prokaryotes undergo a faster and simpler process of binary fission which involves DNA (nucleoid) replication, chromosomal segregation, and ultimately cell separation into two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell.
4. Introns do not interrupt the open reading frame of the prokaryotic gene structure.
Eukaryotic:
1. Eukaryotic cells are larger in size from 10 – 100um.
2.Eukaryotic DNA is linear and complexed with histones before organization into a number of chromosomes.
3.Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis then cytokinesis which involves numerous stages:
- The nuclear membrane disintegrates.
- Then the chromosomes are sorted and separated to ensure that each daughter cell receives two sets (a diploid number) of chromosomes.
- Then ,the cytoplasm divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells i.e. cytokinesis.
4. Introns interrupt the open reading frame of the eukaryotic gene structure.