Similarity: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes perform translation, the process of synthesizing proteins using mRNA as a template, with the help of ribosomes.
Difference: One key difference is that prokaryotic translation can start immediately after transcription, as the mRNA is typically polycistronic and lacks extensive processing. In contrast, eukaryotic translation involves additional processing steps, such as the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, as well as intron removal through RNA splicing. These modifications occur before translation can begin.