The Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation

Bacteria, fungi, and microalgae are widely distributed in the biosphere and are referred to as the main bio-remediators,

This is due to their fast replication rate and ability to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. By using their enzymatic abilities to modulate the breakdown and conversion of toxins, these organisms can be used alone or in a consortium to repair the natural environment and stop future pollution. 

Depending on the type of pollutants (heavy metals, agrochemicals, dyes, hydrocarbons, plastics, greenhouse gases, sewage, wastewater, or agro-industrial waste), bioremediation techniques can be applied ex situ or in situ. These techniques primarily involve degradation, detoxification, mineralization, or transformation.