1. Gene expression

1.1. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology -Information flow in biological systems

The central dogma of molecular biology  explains the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as “DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein” .

  •  DNA can be copied to DNA through a molecular process called DNA Replication. Instructions for making  proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA.
  •  This information in DNA can be copied into RNA  through the molecular process called  by which the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages.
  •  Proteins can be synthesized using the information in mRNA as a template through the molecular process called  During translation, the RNA messages travel from DNA  in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where they are ‘read’ to make specific proteins.